Hassett, chapter 1: Probability is a tool for risk management.
1.1 Who uses probability?
1.2 An example from insurance
It's a premium calculation, followed by caveats.
1.3 Probability and statistics
1.4 Some history
Cardano, 1500s; Pascal-Fermat correspondence, 1654. Compare Newton and Leibniz inventing calculus in 1660s. Many modern distributions developed in twentieth century.
Actuarial life contingencies published 1771, but modern stochastic models introduced in 1970s.
A young branch of mathematics.